On the basis of recent studies on different aspects of inbreeding depression and nature of mutations involved in conversion of the wild species into domesticated crops the author has shown that Darwin's hypothesis is wrongly conceived. He has also revealed that genetic information for conversion of wild species into domesticated crops was pre-designed (intelligent design) in the genomes of their respective wild progenitors.
Contents
1. Darwin and Evolution
2. Variation and Selection
3. Inbreeding Depression
4. Domestication and Breeding of Crops
5. Nature of Selection during Plant Domestication
6. Pesticide Resistance in Insects
7. It's Creation
8. References
Spontaneous mutations are the source of all heritable variations in the different organisms. It has been well established that most of the spontaneous mutations are recessive to the normal or wild phenotype. In the random mating / out-crossing populations they express only when the individual is homozygous for the mutant allele(s). In the inbreeding populations of cross-pollinated plants, animals and even human beings these mutations express with much higher frequency. Inbreeding depression is explained on the basis of these deleterious mutations which mostly remain hidden in heterozygous form in populations and appear in high frequency on breeding among closely related individuals. All populations have a genetic load. Genetic load is defined as the relative difference between the average fitness of individuals of a population and the fitness of the most fit genotype. This reduction in fitness is largely due to accumulation of deleterious mutant genes. Many wild populations become endangered when their population size is reduced below a critical point on account of change in weather pattern, invasion / modification of habitat, etc. As the number of individuals in a population decrease mating between related individuals becomes more common. As a result there is reduction in fitness of the population and gradually there is extinction of the species. All the biologists accept this explanation of extinction of species. Empirical data show that there is continuous increase of deleterious mutations and there is no natural selection in favor of more fit individuals. These studies show that spontaneous mutations explain extinction of species and not evolution as advocated by Darwin. There cannot be same explanation for two opposite phenomena extinction and evolution.
Darwin in his book “Origin of Species” introduced his belief of natural selection with an analogy to domestication. He considered domestication as a model of adaptation from which inferences about the nature of variation and selection in natural systems could be drawn. All the modern crops that we grow had arisen from their respective wild species, about 8,000 to 10,000 years ago, through selection of useful mutations. The domesticated species are much different from their wild ancestors for morphological and physiological traits. The study of nature of mutations involved in domestication not only facilitated investigation of the overall genetic architecture of the transformation of the wild species to domesticated crops but also made possible the identification of genome regions and genes that were selected during domestication of crops. In some cases researchers have been able to pin point the exact nucleotide changes responsible for the production of the key crop-related traits. On the basis of recent molecular analysis of the domestication genes the author has revealed that genetic information for conversion of the wild species into domesticated form was already created through meticulous design (or say intelligent design) in the genome of the wild species. This study scientifically explains that the whole process of domestication is a part of Creation and not evolution as presented by Darwin.
The book has been published by Academic Book Depot (http://www.academicbookdepot.com/ )
